导轨直线度是各项机床精度的基础精度，导轨直线度对多项机床精度都有着直接的影响，其检测仪器和检测方法较多也较为复杂，并应根据不同情况采取不同的检测仪器和不同的检测方法。本文对导轨直线度的检测方法作一综合叙述。

The straightness of guide rails is the fundamental accuracy of various machine tools, and it has a direct impact on multiple machine tool accuracies. There are many and complex detection instruments and methods, and different detection instruments and methods should be adopted according to different situations. This article provides a comprehensive description of the detection method for straightness of guide rails.

　　1：用水平仪检测导轨直线度

创盈彩网址1: Using a spirit level to measure the straightness of the guide rail

创盈彩网址　　水平仪是检测导轨直线度的常用仪器，使用方便且检测精度较高。一般常用外形规格尺寸为200×200，测量精度为0.02/1000的框式水平仪。但水平仪只能检查导轨在垂直面的直线度误差。

创盈彩网址The level is a commonly used instrument for detecting the straightness of guide rails, which is convenient to use and has high detection accuracy. A commonly used frame level with a size of 200 × 200 and a measurement accuracy of 0.02/1000 is commonly used. But the spirit level can only check the straightness error of the guide rail in the vertical plane.

创盈彩网址　　2：用光学平直仪检测导轨直线度

创盈彩网址2: Detecting the straightness of guide rails using an optical straightness tester

　　光学平直仪可用来检测导轨在垂直面的直线度误差，也可用来检测导轨在水平面的直线度误差，且精度较高。但光学平直仪的安装调整较为复杂，需请的计量人员操作。对于行程长度大于1.6米的精密机床，其导轨在水平面的直线度使用光学平直仪进行检测。对于行程长度小于等于1.6米的机床，其导轨在水平面的直线度一般不用光学平直仪检测，而用检查棒和百分表进行检测。

创盈彩网址The optical straightness tester can be used to detect the straightness error of the guide rail in the vertical plane, as well as the straightness error of the guide rail in the horizontal plane, with high accuracy. However, the installation and adjustment of the optical collimator are relatively complex and require professional metrology personnel to operate. For precision machine tools with a stroke length greater than 1.6 meters, it is best to use an optical straightness tester to check the straightness of the guide rail in the horizontal plane. For machine tools with a travel length of less than or equal to 1.6 meters, the straightness of the guide rail in the horizontal plane is generally not measured by an optical straightness tester, but by a inspection rod and a dial gauge.

　　3：用钢丝和读数显微镜检测导轨直线度

创盈彩网址3: Testing the straightness of guide rails using steel wires and reading microscopes

创盈彩网址　　对于行程长度大于1.6米的机床，当导轨直线度要求不太高时，可用钢丝和读数显微镜对导轨在水平面的直线度进行检测。因为钢丝的直径误差对检测精度有直接影响，所以精度不太高。为保证导轨直线度的检测精度，使用光学平直仪检测大行程机床导轨在水平面的直线度误差。

For machine tools with a stroke length greater than 1.6 meters, when the straightness requirement for the guide rail is not too high, steel wires and a reading microscope can be used to detect the straightness of the guide rail in the horizontal plane. Because the diameter error of the steel wire has a direct impact on the detection accuracy, the accuracy is not very high. To ensure the accuracy of measuring the straightness of the guide rail, it is best to use an optical straightness tester to measure the straightness error of the large stroke machine tool guide rail in the horizontal plane.

　　4：用检查棒和百分表检测导轨直线度

创盈彩网址4: Use inspection rods and dial gauges to check the straightness of the guide rail

　　对于行程长度小于等于1.6米的机床，可用检查棒和百分表检测机床床鞍沿导轨的运动在水平面的直线度误差。

For machine tools with a travel length of less than or equal to 1.6 meters, a check rod and a dial gauge can be used to detect the straightness error of the machine tool saddle's movement along the guide rail in the horizontal plane.

创盈彩网址　　5：导轨平行度测量系统

创盈彩网址5: Rail parallelism measurement system

　　不仅适合于平行度测量。还可以使用该系统测量水平度、直线度和平面度、基础的平面度和轧辊的直线度、平行度测量

Not only suitable for parallelism measurement. The system can also be used to measure levelness, straightness, flatness, basic flatness, and straightness and parallelism of rolling rolls

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