三角螺纹丝杠：三角牙丝杠其牙型类似于三角形顶部为尖状，是各类简易螺丝常用的牙型，其加工便当、制作简略，市场上有较多标准件出售。   （2）梯形螺纹丝杠：梯形螺纹丝杠的牙型为等腰梯形，上窄下宽。加工相对简略， 可以依据牙的深浅来调理螺母和丝杆的松紧度。表里螺纹以锥面贴紧不易松 动，工艺较好，牙根强度高，对中性好。梯形丝杆的传动效率大约为26-46%。

Triangle thread screw: Triangle thread screw has a tooth shape similar to the pointed top of a triangle, and is the most commonly used tooth shape for various simple screws. It is easy to process and easy to make, and there are many standard parts available for sale in the market. (2) Trapezoidal thread screw: The tooth shape of the trapezoidal thread screw is isosceles trapezoid, with a narrow top and a wide bottom. The processing is relatively simple, and the tightness of the nut and screw can be adjusted according to the depth of the teeth. The thread inside the watch is tightly attached with a conical surface, which is not easy to loosen. The process is good, the root strength is high, and it is good for neutrality. The transmission efficiency of trapezoidal screw is approximately 26-46%.

（3） 滚珠螺纹丝杠：其丝杆和螺母之间选用滚珠翻滚的方式来进行传动，可通过 替换滚珠的方式来丝杠和螺母之间的空地。故传动功率高，精度高，静 音作用好。现已广泛的应用于各种自动化设备，机床等。一般环境下已大部 分替代了梯形丝杠，其传动效率约为90-96%。

(3) Ball screw: The transmission between the screw and the nut is carried out by rolling the ball, and the empty space between the screw and the nut can be eliminated by replacing the ball. Therefore, the transmission power is high, the accuracy is high, and the silencing effect is good. It has been widely used in various automation equipment, machine tools, etc. In general, trapezoidal screws have been mostly replaced, with a transmission efficiency of about 90-96%.

（4） 行星滚柱丝杠：标准行星滚柱丝杠主要由丝杠、滚柱、螺母、直齿、内齿圈、 滚柱保持架和弹簧挡圈等组成，其综合了行星齿轮传动、谐波齿轮传动、滚 珠丝杆、滚针轴承等机构的优点。通过在主丝杠周围布置若干行星螺纹滚柱, 大幅增加丝杠传动过程的接触面和受力面,从而具备了“高承载、率、高 精度、高可靠性”等优点。在丝杠转速、接触角与螺旋升角较为理想的状态 下，行星滚柱丝杠传动效率可达到90%以上。

(4) Planetary roller screw: The standard planetary roller screw is mainly composed of screw, roller, nut, spur gear, inner ring gear, roller cage, and spring retaining ring, etc. It combines the advantages of planetary gear transmission, harmonic gear transmission, ball screw, needle roller bearing and other mechanisms. By arranging several planetary thread rollers around the main screw, the contact and force surface of the screw transmission process are significantly increased, thus possessing advantages such as high load-bearing capacity, high efficiency, high precision, and high reliability. Under ideal conditions of screw speed, contact angle, and helix angle, the planetary roller screw transmission efficiency can reach over 90%.

其中三角螺纹丝杠与梯形丝杠生产技术相对较为简单，已基本实现完全国产化。滚 珠丝杠发展起步相对较早，低端滚珠丝杠国产化率已达到相对较高水平。但目前国 内在中高端滚珠丝杠及行星滚柱丝杠的国产化率相对较低，未来发展空间较大。

The production technology of triangular thread screws and trapezoidal screws is relatively simple, and they have basically achieved complete localization. The development of ball screws started relatively early, and the localization rate of low-end ball screws has reached a relatively high level. However, at present, the localization rate of mid to high end ball screws and planetary roller screws in China is relatively low, and there is great potential for future development.

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