The use of ball screw enables the machine tool to realize the accurate exchange between the rotary motion and the linear motion. Before we understand the working principle, we should first know which parts it is composed of.

对于普通的滚珠丝杆，它的部件无外乎丝杆、螺母、滚道、螺母柱以及更为关键的滚珠。这几样东西是缺一不可的，少了任何一个部件都不能让滚珠丝杆正常工作，而且每个部件的加工尺寸都必须按照标准来进行，只有相互搭配好了之后才可以安装在机床设备上使用。了解了滚珠丝杆的结构状况我们就能够更好地理解它的工作原理了，既然它上面会有螺母，那么螺母在丝杆上的行程肯定要有它独特的轨迹，这种轨迹是需要人为创造的，螺母本身没有任何创造轨迹的能力。

For ordinary ball screw, its components include screw, nut, raceway, nut column and the most important ball. These things are indispensable. Without any part, the ball screw can not work normally. Moreover, the processing size of each part must be carried out according to the standard. Only after matching each other can they be installed on the machine tool. If we understand the structure of the ball screw, we can better understand its working principle. Since there will be nuts on it, the stroke of the nut on the screw must have its own unique track, which needs to be created artificially. The nut itself has no ability to create trajectory.
 

我们都知道，螺母是有一定规则的内螺纹的，这个螺纹可以帮助螺母固定而且可以在丝杆上面移动，所以丝杆上面就一定要有与之匹配的外螺纹作为螺母行径的轨迹，这就是螺旋槽，它在丝杆上面呈现出的形状是弧形的，而且是紧密排列开的。

As we all know, the nut has a certain regular internal thread, which can help the nut to fix and move on the screw rod. Therefore, there must be a matching external thread on the screw rod as the path of the nut. This is the spiral groove. The shape of the screw on the screw rod is curved and closely arranged.

螺旋槽的尺寸规格必须和螺母的规格一一对应，当这几样东西装配在一起的时候就行了一个滚道，被命名为螺旋滚道。那么，滚珠又是安装在什么地方的呢，从滚珠丝杆的运动轨迹就可以看出，滚珠是装在滚道里面的，而且数量也比较多。再加上一个回珠管实现了循环。

The size of the spiral groove must correspond to the specification of the nut one by one. When these things are assembled together, a raceway is formed, which is called spiral raceway. Then, where is the ball installed? From the trajectory of the ball screw, we can see that the ball is installed in the raceway, and the number is relatively large. Finally, a return bead tube is added to realize the circulation.